most ncaa hockey championships most ncaa hockey championships

What school currently has the most players in the NHL? The 2021 Northeast Regional was subsequently re-awarded to Albany, New York. He also edits and writes articles for the IronSet blog where he shares his experiences. Michigan has the most college hockey championships, with nine. Championships: 1971, 1972, 1978, 1995, 2009. Wayne Gretzky won 4 Stanley Cups. Did LA Kings win Stanley Cup with Gretzky? 9 Penn State upends No. Like other Division I championships, it is the highest level of NCAA men's hockey competition. Right now, college hockey recruits should look to Grand Forks as the premiere destination. The Fighting Hawks have won a national championship in all but two decades since its birth. Co-ed sports include fencing (since 1990), rifle, and skiing (since 1983). Most recently, the Wolverines played in the 2011 title game, but lost to Minnesota Duluth. The tournament will involve 16 teams in the form of a four-bracket, single-elimination tournament. The Fighting Hawks have won a national championship in all buttwo decades since its birth. NCAA men's ice hockey championship refers to either of the two tournaments in men's ice hockey - one in Division I and one in Division III - contested by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) since 1971. In this article, I will rank the top five college hockey programs of all time. They. That propelled Michigan to the championship game on Sunday, where they beat national #4 Northwestern (tied with Michigan in the B1G) 2-1, dominating the 'Cats in shots and using two early goals to get it done. From 1948 through 1976, the NCAA Tournament included 4 teams, two from the Eastern Region and two from the Western Region. Wisconsin has won some high-scoring championships from the first championship to the most recent one, here are the final scores: 4-2, 6-5, 6-3, 6-2, 7-3, 2-1. Mike Benning potted the game-winning goal with his one-timer early in the second. Boston University head coach Jack Parker celebrates with his team in 2009. 52 years later, they were still looking for that second championship, coming close in 1965 . The Wolverines have won nine national championships, which is the most all time. North Dakota won its eighth national championship in 2016. Listed below are the colleges or universities with the most NCAA Division I-sanctioned team championships, individual championships, and combined team and individual championships, as documented by information published on official NCAA websites. Shop official NCAA team and championship gear. The Badgers added a sixth in 2021 with a thrilling, 2-1 victory in overtime against Northeastern. It's no surprise Clarkson women's hockey entered the 2018-19 season at No. Championships by season [ edit] Championships by school [ edit] References [ edit] College hockey is a sport defined by National Champions and Hobey Baker winners. NCAA Hockey National Championship History: The 1940s and 1950s. 9 Harvard in shootout, Wisconsin takes down No. NCAA ice hockey men's championships title wins 2022 Published by Christina Gough Christina Gough Research expert covering sports and video gaming Get in touch with us now , Nov 7, 2022 The. Who has won the most NCAA hockey championships? In the NCAA tournament, the Buckeyes beat Quinnipiac 4-3, No. Alaska's First round appearance in the 2010 tournament was vacated by the NCAA. 4 How much is a Wayne Gretzky rookie card worth? With its loss, Minnesota State is still without an NCAA title at the Division I level. These are the men's college hockey programs with at least five national championships under their belt. Wisconsin recruits good players and develops them into great players over their careers in Madison. Clarkson has three national championships. The tournament features 16 teams representing all six Division I conferences in the nation. Ohio State 1 Championship: 2021 The Buckeyes won their first. The men's national hockey championship was held for the first time in 1948. As of 2019, the University of Denver has won the most national championships in college hockey with eight. Estimated Value: An O-Pee-Chee Gretzky rookie graded in PSA 10 condition sold for $465,000 in 2016. Championships: 1959, 1963, 1980, 1982, 1987, 1997, 2000, 2016. For details on championships, click on a school's nickname and then open up its Championships section. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. 9 Penn State upends No. Minnesota is home to NCAA record four Hobey Baker winners, the most recent being current NHL defenseman Jordan Leopold. Only three programs have won more than 52 championships in their history, and all three are in the Golden State. The list of DU alums in the NHL includes Paul Statsny, Matt Carle and Keith Magnuson. The Wolverines are one of three programs with 15 players on playoff rosters. Nearly 43. of all 771 current NHL players hail from Canada, followed by the United States at 26., Sweden at 10., Finland at 5., Russia at 4. and the Czech Republic at 3.. A total of 21 countries have players in the league. 5 Yale 2-1 and then Minnesota Duluth 3-2. They are, without a doubt, the greatest college hockey program of all time. 2023 NCAA | Turner Sports Interactive, Inc. Where the Miracle on Ice Olympic team played college hockey, Western Michigan enters top 5 of latest men's college hockey Power 10 rankings, No. On the flip side, Denver and North Dakota recently added their eighth title to their program histories. Denver's Runner-Up finish in the 1973 tournament was vacated by the NCAA. Totals are per NCAA annual list published every July[1] and NCAA published gymnastics history,[2] with subsequent results as of May 30, 2022, obtained from NCAA.org, which provides intermittent updates throughout the year. 2023 NCAA | Turner Sports Interactive, Inc. Stanford wins DI Women's Volleyball Championship, College Wrestling: Greatest Programs | High Five. The Badgers won the 2006 national championship played in Wisconsin. Not only is the team successful, but its players are tremendously successful as well. Mercyhurst currently leads the series 24-13-9 but this will be the third time the two teams have met in the CHA tournament. Note: Manchester, New Hampshire was originally selected to host the 2021 Northeast Regional, but withdrew due to the Coronavirus pandemic. Stanford is one of only 180 schools that have won an NCAA title at the highest level of competition (either Division I or NC). Its last one came in 1998. To determine which program is the best, I will consider the number of NCAA championships, consistency, Hobey Baker Winners and success of the school's alumni in the NHL. It should be that the Gophers are "Sioux rejects.". Starting in 1999, the semifinals and finals for the Division I championship are branded as the "Frozen Four", echoing the NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament's "Final Four". [3][4][5], Last edited on 26 September 2022, at 06:17, NCAA Division II Men's Ice Hockey Tournament, NCAA Division I men's ice hockey tournament, NCAA Division III men's ice hockey tournament, NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament, List of NCAA Division I Men's Frozen Four appearances by team, National Collegiate Women's Ice Hockey Championship, "NCAA Cancels Hockey Tournaments, Ending Top-Ranked Cornell Hockey Teams' Seasons", "Gophers hockey cancellation: 'What are we even supposed to do? 2001: Boston College. The NCAA selected 5 teams for the 1977, 1979, and 1980 tournaments, and 6 teams for the 1978 tournament. They nearly added a 10th this past April in St. Paul, losing to Minnesota-Duluth in the championship game. The Gophers are arguably the most well-known college hockey program in the country and have bred some of the greatest college hockey players of all time. Minnesota has won five NCAA championships, which is tied for fifth most all time. #NCAABeachVB Photo of the Week One of the highest-scoring games in championship history came in Denver's 1961 12-2 victory over St. Lawrence. Champions [ edit] Team titles [ edit] Michigan North Dakota Denver Since 1999, the semi-finals and championship game of the tournament have been branded as the "Frozen Four"a reference to the NCAA's long-time branding of its basketball semi-finals as the "Final Four". They have more national championships than any other program in the country. The most dominance in any sport comes from Chapel Hill, where North Carolina has won 21 of the 37possible womens soccer titles. Who has won the most Frozen Four championships? Michigan has the most NCAA Division I men's college hockey championships, with nine. (AP Photo/Paul Sancya, File . Who is the new host of Dancing with the Stars? Here's what you need to know about the award's namesake and history of past winners. That game was played in Minneapolis, meaning there were probably a lot of Duluth fans in the house routing for the home team. The Wolverines have had two Hobey Baker winners to further cement their legacy. Of the top 15 schools, noneare more well-rounded than Florida. 2 Quinnipiac shuts out No. Wisconsin has had many great players that have had great success in the NHL. 4 seed and the No. Michigan is the most successful and consistent college hockey program of all time. [3][4], The 2020 championship was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[5][6][7]. Members of @uclabeachvb take a victory dip in the Gulf after defeating USC, 3-0, to win the National Championship for the second straight year. Fan Site on NCAA.com. North Dakota came out on top in 2016, followed by Denver winning in 2017. Even if the Sioux aren't playing for an NCAA championship, they are often getting as close as possible. The views on this page do not necessarily reflect the views of the NCAA or its member institutions. UW has won an NCAA title in each of the past four decades, and lost in the NCAA title game in 2010. Therefore, the number of national championships will be the primary factor in determining which program is best. Michigan and Denver Pioneers had won the most tournaments with nine, while Vic Heyliger has coached the most championship teams, winning six times with Michigan between 1948 and 1956. State championships: 1969, 1971, 1974, 1978, 1979, 1982, 1984, 1988, 1997, 2010, 2013, 2014, 2019. Notable players: Bill Nyrop, Brian Burke, Paul . Gopher alumni include players such as Leopold, Alex Goligoski, Phil Kessel, Thomas Vanek and legends like Herb Brooks and John Mariucci. 10 Buckeyes drop No. Denver and Michigan are tied for most NCAA hockey championships at the Division I level with nine wins each. Since then, 22programs have ended their season with thetitle. List of past winners of NCAA men's hockey tournament, 1948, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1955, 1956, 1964, 1996, 1998, 1958, 1960, 1961, 1968, 1969, 2004, 2005, 2017, 2021, 1959, 1963, 1980, 1982, 1987, 1997, 2000, 2016. Denver Captures Its Ninth N.C.A.A. The 1970s were a prosperous time for the Gophers, resulting in three titles. 20 Northeastern win big in men's Beanpot semis, advance to finals, Minnesota jumps to No. Their 1978 victory could be considered their most iconic championship win, as they topped in-state rival Boston College 5-3. The Pioneers can pull into a tie. Each year, only 16 teams make it to the NCAA tournament; to be crowned champion, a team must win 4 games in a row. Minnesota has more championships than any other program. Let's take a look at the longest games in college baseball history and hear from those who witnessed two of them. The Harlon Hill Trophy the Heisman of DII football is awarded annually to the player of the year. Here is a look at all the past winners and how many times programs have won. Do the Gophers have what it takes to get back to the title game in 2019? Watch more top videos, highlights, and B/R original content, Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information. A number of programs have earned their first NCAA title over the past decade. The Pioneers can pull into a tie. Most recently he led Team Canada to a gold medal at the World Junior championships. St. Lawrence received an automatic bid in 2021, however, the team had to decline the invitation due to a positive COVID-19 test from their head coach. How many games did Gretzky score in 500 points? The NCAA Men's Division I Ice Hockey Championship is a single elimination competition that has determined the collegiate national champion since the inaugural 1948 NCAA Men's Division I Ice Hockey Tournament. The Championship Committee seeds the entire field from 1 to 16 within four regionals of 4 teams. Fencing championships before 1990 and skiing championships before 1983 were awarded as men's or women's championships and are counted here as such. 1 in the regions are shown with single underline. Michigan 15 players. When is the Frozen Four? 4 Michigan men's hockey, takes extra point in shootout, No. The Minnesota Gophers are the queens of college hockey. List of Big Ten men's ice hockey champions View history The following is a list of men's ice hockey champions of the Big Ten Conference, including champions of the conference's playoff tournament. The Gators have 36championships in 14 different sports. The field expanded to its current format of 16 teams in 2003. The Cardinal also happen to have done it the most, with 123championships to their name, one ahead of second-place UCLA. That's the most variety per title. [16], At the conclusion of each tournament both an all-tournament team and 'Most Outstanding Player in Tournament' is named. Who won the NCAA d1 hockey championship? York, 76, the Hockey Hall of Famer who won five NCAA championships and the most games in college hockey history, said Wednesday, April 13, 2022, that he is retiring. [1] Excluded from this list are all national championships earned outside the scope of NCAA competition, including Division I FBS football titles, women's AIAW championships, men's rowing, equestrian titles, and retroactive Helms title nominations. The Wolverines have had successful individuals, consistently successful teams, and the most championships. 10 Harvard, No. For the ninth time in program history, Denver is the NCAA Division I hockey national champion. When Dwight Eisenhower gave the Atoms for Peace speech what constructive use of nuclear energy was he introducing? In 2003, UMD pulled off a 4-3, double overtime win over Harvard in their very own city. Michigan has won the most tournaments with nine, while Vic Heyliger has coached the most . 4 Michigan men's hockey, takes extra point in shootout, No. [5] [6] [7] Tournament format history [ edit] 1948-1976 4 teams (1 game series) 1977-1980 MORE: These college hockey programs have produced the most members of the US Men's Olympic Team. (AP Photo/Paul Sancya, File . Tier II is represented by the North American Hockey League. A team serving as the host of a regional is placed within that regional. Who has won the most NCAA hockey championships? Northeastern women's ice hockey held off a late push from Boston College to win the 2023 women's Beanpot championship, 2-1. Starting in 1981, the NCAA selected 8 teams for the tournament every year, until 1988, when the field expanded to 12. 1. Western Michigan enters top 5 of latest men's college hockey Power 10 rankings Northeastern clinches 2023 men's Beanpot championship over No. Stanford and UCLA have captured championships in 20 different sports each, while Southern California has won in 17. Both achievements have been in effect since the inaugural championship in 1948. Since 1991, Michigan has appeared in 21 consecutive NCAA tournaments. Andrey knows everything from warm-up to hard workout. The 2020 championship was canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.. [3] [4] The 2020 championship was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. #Participation in the tournament vacated by the NCAA Committee on Infractions. The Wolverines are followed by the University of North Dakota and the University of Denver, who have both won seven championships each. NCAA men's ice hockey championship refers to either of the two tournaments in men's ice hockey one in Division I and one in Division III contested by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) since 1971. Their other championship came in a 5-4 win over Minnesota in 2014. A guide to the 70th annual men's ice hockey Beanpot as Northeastern beat Harvard in the first championship game meeting between the two in the tournament's history. With that, McDavid and Crosby rank as the fastest active NHL players to reach the 500-point mark (again, at 369 GP). BOSTON -- Denver scored five straight third-period goals to capture the NCAA Division I men's hockey championship with a 5-1 victory over Minnesota State at TD Garden on Saturday night. Although the Badgers haven't been in contention for the national championshipin recent years, there is hope in Madison that head coach Tony Granato can get them back to the title game. The top four teams are assigned overall seeds and placed within the bracket such that the national semifinals will feature the No. The 2010 championship called for three overtimes, with UMD finally topping Cornell 3-2. The Badgers are the only team to have six national championships, the most recent one being awin over Boston College in 2006. UMass rode that philosophy all the way to the Frozen Four at PPG Paints Arena in Pittsburgh Saturday, where it captured its first national title after getting goals from five players in a 5-0 win. He is mainly involved in weightlifting. MORE:Frozen Four championship 2022 results: Denver defeats Minnesota State 5-1. Michigan has more national championships than any other program.Men's college hockey national champions from 1948 to today. 9 Harvard, Northeastern clinches 2023 men's Beanpot championship over No. 7 Ohio State and more from Friday, Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information. Michigan and Denver Pioneers had won the most tournaments with nine, while Vic Heyliger has coached the most championship teams, winning six times with Michigan between 1948 and 1956. Could 2019 be the year Michigan gets back on the map? Some successful former Badgers in the NHL include Brian Rafalski, Dany Heatley, Chris Chelios, Joe Pavelski, Curtis Joseph, Steve Reinprecht and Ryan Suter. Denver won the title in 2017, and entered the 2018-19 season in the top 10. 2023 NCAA | Turner Sports Interactive, Inc. Minnesota-Duluth holds five national championships, coming in just behind the state's flagship university. Conference matchups are avoided in the first round; should five or more teams from one conference make the tournament, this guideline may be disregarded in favor of preserving the bracket's integrity. UMD also claimed the first two national championships ever played, as well as the 2008 title. The Eagles had to wait over 50 years to jump from their first title to their second, but have been more consistent since then. Tournament participation later vacated. Here are the women's college hockey teams who have the most national championships and have absolutely dominated the sport. York, 76, the Hockey Hall of Famer who won five NCAA championships and the most games in college hockey history, said Wednesday, April 13, 2022, that he is retiring. Arkansas' 2004 and 2005 men's outdoor track and field championships, LSU's 2012 women's outdoor track and field championship, and UCLA's 1995 softball championship were all vacated by the NCAA Committee on Infractions and are not included in the schools' totals. The first men's hockey national championship was played between Michigan and Dartmouth in 1948. They've won six national championships, including the two highest-scoring title games in the history of the sport. 16 Northeastern wins fourth men's Beanpot title in five tries with shootout victory over No. The Golden Gophers are aiming to pull into a tie for fourth on the list. Denver scored five unanswered goals in the third period to take down Minnesota State 5-1 on Saturday. [2] [3] Jerry York has made the most appearances in the title game with nine, going 5-4 in the process. Denver has 24 of the 67skiing championships, and Iowa has 23 of 90wrestling titles. Denverhad the luxury of playing in their own city that title game, giving them a huge edge to ramp the score up that high. Just four years removed from the Miracle on Ice, Bowling Green and Minnesota-Duluth met . The Division I Council took steps to modernize a number of rules Wednesday, including approving adjustments to transfer waiver guidelines, modifying personnel rules across several sports and formally eliminating the requirement for standardized test scores in initial eligibility. The Hobey Baker Award ceremony, Hockey Humanitarian Award ceremony, and USCHO.com Town Hall Meeting take place annually during Frozen Four weekend. (*)denotes future Frozen Fours Championships: 2006, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2019, 2021. Who has the most college hockey national championships? His writing has also appeared on SI.com, Mens Health, and The Cauldron. 1 Ohio State women's hockey in OT; No. The also ended the 2005, 2012, 2015 and2016 seasons at the top. [15] March 16-18, 2023 TBD. March 17-19, 2023 Amsoil Arena | Duluth, MN. Michigan has more national championships than any other program. Wisconsin then added No. This also marks the first time the NCAA will hold a tournament in a state that allows legalized gambling since the association changed its stance in May 2018. We use cookies. List of NCAA schools with the most Division I national championships, List of NCAA schools with the most AIAW Division I national championships, "National Collegiate Men's Gymnastics Championships", "Quick Facts - UCLA Undergraduate Admission", "Traditions Michigan National Championships", "UTEP-Fall-Enrollment-Increases-for-20th-Consecutive-Year", "UC Berkeley Fall Enrollment Data - Office of Planning and Analysis", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_NCAA_schools_with_the_most_NCAA_Division_I_championships&oldid=1142330351, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 1 March 2023, at 20:26. . Their most recent title came in 2016 with a 5-1 victory over Quinnipiac. Denver and Michigan have won the most tournaments with nine, while Vic Heyliger has coached the most championship teams, winning six times with Michigan between 1948 and 1956. Their most recent title came in 2016 with a 5-1 victory over Quinnipiac. The annual NCAA women's ice hockey tournamentofficially known as the National Collegiate Women's Ice Hockey Championshipis a college ice hockey tournament held in the United States by the National Collegiate Athletic Association to determine the top women's team in the NCAA. 16 Northeastern wins fourth men's Beanpot title in five tries with shootout victory over No. Honorable Mention: Boston University Terriers, Boston College Eagles. Whats more, from the very first championship (in 1982) until 2015 a span of 34 years UNC never went three years in a row without winning at least one championship. Shop official NCAA team and championship gear. 9 Harvard, Northeastern clinches 2023 men's Beanpot championship over No. Here are all the Frozen Four tournament winners over the past 10 years: Michigan has the most NCAA Division I men's college hockey championships, with nine. DU consistently is among the top teams in the WCHA, a conference that includes Wisconsin, Minnesota, North Dakota and Colorado College. The Sioux boast a tremendous group of alumni in the NHL including Jonathan Toews, Ed Belfour and Zach Parise. Andrey is a coach, sports writer and editor. Ohio State finished the season 32-6 and won their last 10 games of the season. Denver tallies a total of nine national championships. Copyright 2023 Sporting News Holdings Limited. Its last one came in 1998. Minnesota-Duluth (5-4, 4OT) This is the longest national championship game ever. Number 1 seeds are also placed as close to their home site as possible, with the No. . 2023 NCAA | Turner Sports Interactive, Inc. Ohio State wins its first women's hockey championship. Here are some other takeaways from the data: CONGRATULATIONS FLORIDA GATORS! ', "Canceled: Michigan vs. Ohio State in Big Ten hockey semifinal", "UAH suspends hockey program, 2021-2022 season will not happen", "RMU Reinstates Hockey Programs for 2023-24 | Robert Morris University", "NCAA bans Nanooks from postseason, takes away victories", "St. Lawrence Withdraws From NCAAs Over Positive COVID-19 Test", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NCAA_Division_I_men%27s_ice_hockey_tournament&oldid=1128708017, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, 1948, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1955, 1956, 1964, 1996, 1998, 1958, 1960, 1961, 1968, 1969, 2004, 2005, 2017, 2022, 1959, 1963, 1980, 1982, 1987, 1997, 2000, 2016, This page was last edited on 21 December 2022, at 15:18. Its last one came in 1998. Minnesota has five national championships, but they all came in two decades. The Pioneers can pull into a tie with Michigan in 2022. Additionally, the 4 teams seeded No. 1 Minnesota men's hockey in 3-1 upset to split series, No. Enter your information to receive emails about offers, promotions from NCAA.com and our partners. Men's college hockey national champions from 1948 to today. The Boston College Eagles won the second NCAA National Championship ever in 1949. Championships: 1958, 1960, 1961, 1968, 1969, 2004, 2005, 2017, 2022. Go back another year, and Minnesota-Duluth earned its first national title in 2011. List of NCAA schools with the most NCAA Division I championships. [2] Michigan and Denver Pioneers had won the most tournaments with nine, while Vic Heyliger has coached the most championship teams, winning six times with Michigan between 1948 and 1956. Division III - Adrian College, This page was last edited on 26 September 2022, at 06:17. 20 Northeastern win big in men's Beanpot semis, advance to finals, Minnesota jumps to No. Where the Miracle on Ice Olympic team played college hockey, Western Michigan enters top 5 of latest men's college hockey Power 10 rankings, No. ', "Canceled: Michigan vs. Ohio State in Big Ten hockey semifinal", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NCAA_men%27s_ice_hockey_championship&oldid=1112410679, Division I - Denver Pioneers Here is a look at the past champions of the NCAA Frozen Four and who has won the most titles in college hockey. [1] Denver and Michigan have won the most tournaments with nine, while Vic Heyliger has coached the most championship teams, winning six times with Michigan between 1948 and 1956. Michigan has the most NCAA Division I men's college hockey championships, with nine. Note that the 2020 tournament was canceled due the COVID-19 pandemic before the announcement of the field. Edina High School 13 State Championships. Denver and North Dakota have eight each. Note: Regional Tournaments were not conducted until 1992. Lately, the Gophers seem to have placed more emphasis on individual talent than on building a cohesive team. Just six Iowa (1986), James Madison (1994), Michigan (2001), Princeton (2012), Syracuse (2015), and Delaware (2016) are one-time winners. Here is the 2023 NCAA winter sports championships schedule, including the dates and locations for DI, DII and DIII championships. It's a no-brainer. Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information. The win pulled the program into a tie with Michigan for the most NCAA hockey championships at the Division I level. Championships: 2004, 2005, 2012, 2013, 2015, 2016. In 2004, the Gophers topped Harvard 6-2. Even more, one in every six Division III teams competes in an NCAA championship annually. Chris Ray's four goals is tied for the most in a championship, and the Tigers are . Michigan has more national championships than any other program.Mens college hockey national champions from 1948 to today. Their highest-scoring national championship game came fromthe 1963 team coached by Barry Thornydycraft the Hawks topped Denver 6-5 in Boston. North Dakota has produced two Hobey Baker winners, the most recent being Ryan Duncan in 2007. 1 Ohio State women's hockey in OT; No. It will be the first Frozen Four in Vegas. In 2009, the Badgerstopped Mercyhurst in a high-scoring 5-0 final. Wolverine NHLers include Jack Johnson, Marty Turco, Brendan Morrison and John Madden. Denver and North Dakota have eight each. Unfortunately for Gopher fans, two of those teams with more titlesNorth Dakota and Wisconsinare the program's biggest rivals. 2 What state do most NHL players come from?