wiley students killed in crash wiley students killed in crash

The 25-year-old driver of the semi was treated and released from a hospital, while a 50-year-old passenger, who was in the trucks sleeping area, suffered serious injuries, according to police. The district said grief counselors and staff members will be available at the school to students, families, and staff throughout the day. Four teenagers were killed in a crash Wednesday night when their SUV crashed into a semi-truck, according to Colorado State Patrol. Officials with the Colorado State Patrol said their SUV ran a stop sign and a semi-truck that was hauling a boat and the truck hit it. "Our community is so loving and so giving. KRDO WILEY, Colo. (KRDO) -- The teen who initially survived a deadly crash in Prowers County passed away Friday. JMU is located in Harrisonburg, Virginia, and is about a two-hour drive from Richmond. They want to be there to help these families.". This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed. Drugs or alcohol are not believed to be a factor in the crash. The town near Lamar is not planning a community-wide memorial service, but instead there are five separate funerals. Gov. Wiley, Colorado is mourning today following the deaths of 4 teens in a crash on Highway 287 overnight. "The university is currently working to confirm details with local authorities and the families of the students," Miller's statement continued. Two men were in the semi-truck. DU loses to North Dakota in Summit tourney opener, Makar cleared to return 2nd time from concussion protocol, 77 inches of snow fall at Colorado ski area in 9 days, Man dies after hit-and-run in Aurora, police say, Construction flagger killed in hit-and-run crash identified, suspect arrested, 16-year-old male driver died at the scene, 15-year-old female passenger died at the scene, 14-year-old male passenger died at the scene, 16-year-old male passenger died at the hospital. Wenn Sie Ihre Auswahl anpassen mchten, klicken Sie auf Datenschutzeinstellungen verwalten. After Bradens death last week, his family sent a message through UCHealth, where the teen had been hospitalized because of his injuries. There has been a vehicular accident involving five Wiley School students. Hundreds showed up the honor and remember the teens whose lives were cut short. Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way. Four students from Community High School were killed in a car crash early Tuesday evening, Lavon police confirmed. 4 teens killed in crash on Highway 287 in Prowers County. KRDO NewsChannel 13 is committed to providing a forum for civil and constructive conversation. A semi-truck hauling a boat collided with an SUV carrying five teenagers. The Wiley School District says classes have been canceled on Thursday as a result of the crash, which involved several of its students. Klicken Sie auf Alle ablehnen, wenn Sie nicht mchten, dass wir und unsere Partner Cookies und personenbezogene Daten fr diese zustzlichen Zwecke verwenden. His 16th birthday would have been in just a few days. EAT IT, VIRGINIA restaurant news and interviews. Darrell Lingk, the director of the Colorado Department of Transportation's Office of Transportation Safety, said in a prepared statement that the crash is "a heartbreaking reminder of how precious life is.". The district doesnt have a counselor on staff, but has a social-emotional coordinator. PROWERS COUNTY Wiley School District in southeastern Colorado has canceled classes for the day following the deaths of four students in an overnight crash on Highway 287 in Prowers County. WILEY, Colo. (KRDO) -- Four teens were killed when their SUV was hit by a semi-truck Wednesday night just south of Wiley in Prowers County, according to Colorado State Patrol. Troopers tell 11 News the collision happened at the intersection of Highway 287 and Prowers County Road 196 just outside the town of Wiley at 9:35 p.m. Teachers in a tiny, southeastern plains town where five students died as the result of a car crash were attempting to return to normal learning this week, even as the grief that crushed the community will linger for much longer. The crash happened in Prowers County at the intersection of U.S. 287 and Prowers County Road 196 near the town of Wiley. a 15-year-old boy and a 14-year . Notifications can be turned off anytime in the browser settings. No drugs or alcohol are suspected for the cause of the crash. The Christian County prosecutor charged Zachary Fargo on Wednesday with second-degree murder, assault and resisting arrest resulting in death, KY3 reported. 3 Mar 2023. Frisco Police said around 8:20 p.m. a silver Honda Civic driven by William Ousley, 17, was going westbound on Eldorado Parkway and struck a black Ford truck that was turning left from eastbound. A GoFundMe page identified the victim killed as 15-year-old Hunter Diemert. Two of those killed were . Her first journalism job was at The Hungry Horse News in her home state of 15 year old male, passenger, flown to hospital in Colorado Springs. A fifth teenager, a 15-year-old boy, survived the crash and is listed in critical condition at a Colorado Springs hospital, state patrol said. Classes at the school was canceled Thursday. Real-time updates and all local stories you want right in the palm of your hand. 1:04. We share our sincere condolences to our university community as a whole, but specifically to the families, friends and others with close connections to the students weve lost. Weitere Informationen ber die Verwendung Ihrer personenbezogenen Daten finden Sie in unserer Datenschutzerklrung und unserer Cookie-Richtlinie. The five teenagers were all from the small town of Wiley and they all attended Wiley Junior-Senior High School, the only school in the town. Jen is a co-founder and reporter at The Sun, where she writes about mental health, child welfare and social justice issues. The Oklahoma Highway Patrol said that the students all piled into a 2015 Chevrolet Spark, which is only meant to seat four passengers during their lunch break. NEW! His wife's sister was travelling in one of the first two carriages. The 16-year-old male driver, a 15-year-old male passenger, and a 14-year-old female passenger all died at the scene. Sie knnen Ihre Einstellungen jederzeit ndern, indem Sie auf unseren Websites und Apps auf den Link Datenschutz-Dashboard klicken. There are heavy hearts on our campus as we process the loss of these students," JMU spokesperson Mary-Hope Vass said in a statement about the crash. Please keep all of the families who are suffering from the loss of their children in your thoughts and prayers. Posts by Colorado Sun staff writers and editors. According to Wiley Mayor Allen Campbell, the 15-year-old boy who survived the initial crash has undergone two brain surgeries after being transported to Colorado Springs. 2023 04:33AM. Home Realizacje i porady Bez kategorii wiley students killed in crash. Marcille, Manturowicz and seminary intern Tomek Tylka all attended the vigil. "You know, it wiped out probably a third of their class.". The five victims were identified by. Always telling jokes making people laugh, a smile that would light up the room. A 15-year-old boy who was flown to the hospital after the Sept. 8 crash died Friday. Sarah Wimberly/Facebook. "Our hearts are with the entire Prowers community," Lingk said. The crash Saturday night that snarled traffic for hours on Highway 22 took the life of Jackson Hole High School student Wiley Jay Olsen, 17, of Alta. They are allowed one passenger after theyve had a license for six months. A 50-year-old passenger remains in the hospital, according to CSP, who said he was in a sleeper berth at the time of the crash and was seriously hurt. A fifth student who had been hospitalized since died Friday. RICHMOND, Va. -- Multiple James Madison University students were killed in a Thursday night crash, the university confirmed in a letter to the JMU community on Friday. While the names of those involved in the crash have not been officially released, CBS 6 has learned more than one student involved in the crash is from the metro-Richmond area. RELATED: Construction flagger killed in hit-and-run crash identified, suspect arrested. TEARS, ANGER. Please also pray for our school community.. In addition, please keep the two other students involved, who were also injured and are currently hospitalized from this accident, in your thoughts.". He is accused in connection with an accident, initially characterized as a single-vehicle crash near the university campus on Jan. 15, which killed fellow Georgia football player Devin Willock and . More by The Colorado Sun, Got a story tip? Updated: Feb 10, 2023 / 09:20 AM EST. You can review our Community Guidelines by clicking here. According to CSP, the crash happened around. Email: newsroom@coloradosun.com Twitter: @ColoradoSun For teachers, one of the hardest parts has been setting aside their own grief to help kids handle theirs, Bollinger said. What you can do to avoid infection, Mother made 5-year-old adoptive daughter fake seizure to get donations, feds say, Mortuary mistakenly cremated woman against her familys wishes, Arizona lawsuit says, Tourists turn sacred Chocolate Falls into trash waterfall. On Sept. 17, his family released a statement through a hospital spokesperson: It is with the heaviest of hearts and great sorrow that we share our beloved son, Braden, died today from injuries he suffered in a tragic accident on September 8. A parent herself, Bohl said she's sympathetic for the families dealing with this unthinkable loss. Four teen students from the Wiley School District were killed in a crash Wednesday involving an SUV and semi, according to the school and Colorado State Patrol. We truly appreciate the outpouring of support we have received from our community, friends and even strangers. We will not share your information. Alex Murdaugh sentencing Dental investigation They were also making counselors available for people who might need mental health help due to the fatal crash. Four teens, including 2 siblings, killed in NC crash, police say By Hayley Fowler June 04, 2021 6:46 PM Four teenagers including two siblings were killed and one was injured when a box. He was in basketball, football, helped around his church and school. Under Colorado law, new drivers are not allowed to have any passengers in their vehicle. (WVUE) - A 19-year-old was killed in a two-vehicle crash on I-12 Friday, April 8, according to Louisiana State Police. Going forward, the district intends to allow staff and students to take time to grieve for as long as they need, Bollinger said. Updated: Aug 23, 2022 / 03:13 PM EDT. Rafael Rodriguez says they are unsure how long the fund will be up but the donations will be split among the families involved. 0:00. All rights reserved. Authorities said Carl was driving . "Life is precious, life is short. Wiley Post and Will Rogers die in a plane crash (1935) British Path 2.94M subscribers Join Subscribe 961 views 2 years ago GAUMONT BRITISH NEWSREEL (REUTERS) To license this film, visit. "It is with a heavy heart and sadness I write to inform you of the loss of several JMU students from a tragic car accident that occurred last night in West Virginia," JMU Vice President for Student Affairs Tim Miller said in a statement. On September 9, four teens from Wiley died after being hit by a. RILEY, Ind. As a news piece, this article cites verifiable, third-party sources which have all been thoroughly fact-checked and deemed credible by the Newsroom in accordance with the Civil Constitution. The news of their passing has sent shock waves through the entire town of fewer than 600 people. 2 students remain in hospital with life-threatening injuries HARRISONBURG, Va. (WRIC) Three James Madison University (JMU) students were killed in a tragic West Virginia car crash. My staff was incredible because we all knew that we needed to be there for our kids, he said. Four were killed, one is hospitalized in critical condition. All were students at Wiley, which has about 50 high schoolers and about 260 total students in pre-kindergarten through 12th grade. Four people in the Explorer were killed that night. LOUISA COUNTY, Va. -- A prayer vigil was held at Louisa County High School (LCHS) Sunday in the wake of a fiery crash that left one teen dead and four others seriously injured Friday night. Please keep all of the families who are suffering from the loss of their children in your thoughts and prayers. A prayer vigil was held at the Wiley Football Stadium at 6:00 P.M. SHARE. CSP investigators determined a Ford Explorer, occupied by 5 teenagers, was southbound on Highway 287 and made a left turn in front of a northbound semi and was . The death toll from the head-on collision of two trains in central Greece has risen to at least 40 people, with many more missing, according to the . According to the Colorado State Patrol, the crash occurred around 9:30. The Prowers County Sheriff's Office has been flooded with calls of condolences and desire to help out in the wake of Sgt. CSP investigators say a Ford Explorer, with five teenagers, was heading east on Prowers County Road 196 The driver of the Explorer ran a stop sign and was hit by a northbound semi-truck on Highway 287. Wiley held classes last week, but not a regular schedule. Most of the community knows our kids, he said. Sylvan Hills High School Five people were killed in a wrong-way crash as they traveled home from an out-of-state college visit, Arkansas officials say. Twelve miles away in Lamar, the flower shop Thoughts in Bloom says they've received several orders in memory of the students who died. The Colorado State Patrol says the 16-year-old driver of the vehicle, a Ford Explorer carrying five people, ran a stop sign when it was struck by the northbound tractor trailer. Bonnaroo has and will always be a place for inclusivity, a safe haven for people of all walks of life and a champion of self-expression.. KFOR's Kaitor Kay repor. At least 43 people have been killed in a fatal train collision in Greece, as questions remain over its cause. In the movie, the bear is depicted as gorging on. The Colorado State Patrol has confirmed that four teenagers were killed and three other people were injured after a car crash Wednesday night. Copyright 2021 Scripps Media, Inc. All rights reserved. If you would like to share a story idea, please submit it here. The manager of a train station was reportedly arrested in connection with the crash after the freight and passenger trains collided head-on at high speed. We truly appreciate the outpouring of support we have received from our community, friends and even strangers. All of the students were 19-year-old males, according to investigators. Eighteen-year-old Abriauna Hoffman of Clarkston, Washington, 18-year-old . - The Vigo County Sheriff's Office identified three Indiana State University students who died in a weekend crash in Riley. The crash happened in eastern Colorado near Wiley, according to Colorado State Patrol. Remembering The Crash That Killed Wiley Post. His ID is now known, Honeymooning couple abandoned at sea by snorkel tour boat, Hawaii lawsuit says, Watch: Brawl ends Inderkum-Riordan CIF Northern California playoff game in San Francisco, Calls for help fail as man stuck in snow tries to dig vehicle out, CA rescuers say, $754.6 million Powerball winner identified as Washington woman. In Athens, some . Most of the staff was able to be there for our kids.. Four teenagers died the night of the crash, Sept. 8. 11 News confirmed with the Prowers County Sheriffs office that they have set up a donation fund for the families involved. The Wiley School District says classes have been canceled on Thursday as a result of the crash, which involved several of its students. Protesters angry over the rail service's safety record clashed with the police, and train employees . All staff was allowed any time they needed, whether they needed five minutes or a day or two days. He is a 2011 Western Kentucky University graduate who has previously worked at the Paducah Sun and Madisonville Messenger as a sports reporter and the Lexington Herald-Leader as a breaking news reporter. Mike Stunson covers real-time news for McClatchy. He was in the sleeper cab at the time of the crash and suffered serious injuries. Four teenagers were killed Wednesday night in southeast Colorado when the SUV they were in collided with a semi-truck. On Sunday, flowers,. Three GCU students were killed and four more people were injured after a four-vehicle collision involving a wrong-way driver on northbound Interstate 17 near Table Mesa Road early . The 25-year-old driver was taken to the hospital where he was treated and released. The deceased female occupant was 15 years old instead of 14. Four were killed, one is hospitalized in critical condition. Four teenagers were killed in a crash Wednesday night when their SUV crashed into a semi-truck, according to Colorado State Patrol. CSP said drugs or alcohol are not believed to have been factors in the crash. The Colorado State Patrol (CSP) said the two-vehicle crash happened on Highway 287 and Prowers County Road 196 near Wiley on the night of Sept. 8. Sheriff's investigators shared the students were at a club prior to the crash but did not indicate whether alcohol played a role in the crash. wiley students killed in crash . The Wiley School District responded to the crash, announcing classes were canceled through the rest of the week, and all weekend activities were also canceled. State Patrol confirms two 16-year-old boys, a 15-year-old boy and a 14-year-old girl died in the crash. The car was stopped at a stop sign, preparing to make a right turn when they were t . Avery Natal struck the rear of an 18-wheeler as . Multiple James Madison University students were killed in a crash, the university confirmed in a letter to the JMU community. The Vigo . Copyright 2021 KKTV. CORRECTION: This story was updated at 3:07 p.m. on Friday, Sept. 10, 2021 to correct several errors from a . This includes directly interviewing sources and research / analysis of primary source documents. A 51-year-old, identified by police as Donna Wiley of Oakville, also died. The Dane County Sheriff's Office said a vehicle going east on West Mineral Point Road about 10:15 p.m. rear-ended another vehicle near Karls Court, sending that . The occupants of the. (CBS4) - Four people were killed in a 2-vehicle crash on Colorado's Eastern Plains on Wednesday night. Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way. The Colorado Sun is a journalist-owned, award-winning news outlet based in Denver that strives to cover all of Colorado so that our state our community can better understand itself. "They meant just about everything," said Campbell. Otherwise, all classes and activities are canceled. Its not uncommon in Wiley to see 400 people at a high school softball game, while in other small towns the crowd might number 10 or 20. On Wednesday, September 8, 2021, at approximately 9:34 p.m., The Colorado State Patrol was notified of a 2 vehicle crash on Highway 287 and Prowers County Road 196 near Wiley, Colorado. A look back at the events leading up to the tragic day. Willock, 20, died at the scene and LeCroy, 24, was pronounced dead at a hospital. The victims include: The fifth person in the Explorer, a 15-year-old boy named Braden Black, was flown to a hospital in Colorado Springs. . Instead, teachers and counselors were available at the school library for any students or families to stop by. We still have to continue on.. Instead it was eastbound on PCR 196, ran a stop sign and was hit by the northbound semi on Hwy 287. Campbell said students were just readjusting to school in person after remote learning a year ago, and now they have to face this. Theyre involved with our kids even if they are not their own kids., Bollinger, who is in his second year at Wiley and previously was a superintendent in Kansas and other small Colorado districts, said he has never worked at a district dealing with a crisis of this magnitude.. The four teens who were killed in the crash were identified as: A 15-year-old boy who was also riding in the SUV was airlifted to a hospital in Colorado Springs after surviving the crash. 2021 CBS Broadcasting Inc. All Rights Reserved. Rescue teams searched for survivors from Tuesday night's crash, with some bodies found . January 24, 2023 11:21pm. According to Colorado State Patrol, around 9:30 p.m. a group of teens was in a Ford Explorer that collided with a semi at the intersection of Highway 287 and Prowers County Road 196. As of 6 a.m., the intersection has reopened. The five were riding in a Ford Explorer in Prowers County south of Wiley. CORRECTION: This story was updated at 3:07 p.m. on Friday, Sept. 10, 2021 to correct several errors from a source. Six high school students were killed in a crash on Tuesday when the vehicle they were in collided with a semi-truck in Tishomingo . (CBS4) - Four people were killed in a 2-vehicle crash on Colorado's Eastern Plains on Wednesday night. LIVINGSTON COUNTY, MI - Two Howell High School students were killed in a crash Saturday night in Genoa Township, police say. Three of the students were pronounced dead at the scene of the crash. September 9, 2021, 11:42 AM. The three GCU students were killed in a wrong-way crash north of the Valley early Monday morning, according to the school. Please also pray for our school community.. The town is about 160 miles southeast of Colorado Springs. The youngest victim was 15. First published on Tue 28 Feb 2023 20.45 EST. Then wife starts to scream. Telling stories that matter in a dynamic, evolving state. Example video title will go here for this video. Published: Sep. 9, 2021 at 5:28 PM MDT A semi-truck hauling a boat collided with . Six high school students were killed in a horrific car accident in Oklahoma on Tuesday (March 22). Six girls, all Tishomingo High School students, were killed during their lunch break when their car collided with a tractor trailer. Know Before You Vote: In-depth interviews with all 12 candidates. The app features breaking news alerts, live video, weather radar, traffic incidents, closings and delays and more. Wiley has a population of about 250 people. Please enter valid email address to continue. Investigators say a 2007 Chrysler sedan went off the road . On Wednesday, September 8, 2021, at approximately 9:34 p.m., The Colorado State Patrol was notified of a 2 vehicle crash on Highway 287 and Prowers County Road 196 near Wiley, Colorado. Four teenagers died the night of the crash, Sept. 8. Terms of Service | Privacy Policy | Community Guidelines | KRDO Jobs | FCC Applications |, KRDO FCC Public File | KRDO FCC Applications, Breaking News On Saturday, she buried her uncle, then less than 48 hours later, Houston police showed up at her door informing her that her eldest son, Carl Wiley Jr., had died. Four teenagers died Wednesday night when the SUV they were riding in on Colorados Eastern Plains was struck by a tractor trailer. Martin was a amazing kid, an aunt of Martin explained. Investigators determined that a Ford Explorer, occupied by five teenagers, was headed eastbound on Prowers County Road 196 when the driver ran a stop sign and was hit by the truck that was headed north on Highway 287. He discovered the jet stream, helped develop one of the first pressure suits and was the first pilot to fly solo around the world. Wiley Post was an integral figure in aviation history. The campus is open for people seeking to speak with teachers or counselors as a result of the loss for the community. Get browser notifications for breaking news, live events, and exclusive reporting. The sole survivor was a 15-year-old boy, who passed away on Friday. The names of the teens killed have not been released. I want my baby back. Four teens, including 2 siblings, killed in NC crash, police say, Driver disregards school buss stop arm, kills high-school student, Indiana police say, Woman dead, several students hurt after SUV slams into packed bus, Kentucky cops say, Support my work with a digital subscription, Bonnaroo vows to stay champion of self-expression despite Tennessee drag show ban, California braces for next big snowstorm this weekend. 5th teen passes away following tragic crash in Prowers County. The Colorado State Patrol said the 16-year-old driver ran a stop sign at U.S. 287 and Prowers County Road 196 and was struck by a truck with a trailer. WEATHER ALERT Blizzard Warning Full Story Wiley, which has a population of around 400, is about 160 miles southeast of Colorado Springs. Contests & Promotions, 2023, Pikes Peak Television, Inc. Colorado Springs, CO, USA. Wiley is located in eastern Colorado about 10 miles northwest of Lamar. Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window), Click to email a link to a friend (Opens in new window), Lawmakers targeting hospital facility fees, (720) 263-2338 Call, text, Signal or WhatsApp, Proudly powered by Newspack by Automattic, A 16-year-old boy who was driving the SUV. A 16-year-old male passenger died at the hospital. The four victims were all teenagers who were between 15 and 16, and at least two other. Rick Wiley - member, Arizona Daily Star A man works to shovel snow from around vehicles parked in a lot off of Coyote Street during Wednesday's break in the storm in Nevada City, City, March 1, 2023. Along with the surviving passenger in the Ford, both the truck driver and a co-driver in the semis sleeper berth were injured and transported to hospitals. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed. ", "It is a difficult moment at James Madison University. Jonathan Alger, JMU's president, shared the following statement with the campus community: "The loss our community has felt today is unthinkable. In some instances, we needed to put our grief aside. Thousands of Greek students are protesting for a third consecutive day as anger mounts after the country's worst train tragedy, in which at least 57 people died. Its closed to visitors, Couple stops at gas station for Michigan lottery tickets. Wiley School District confirms all were students at Wiley School. UPDATED INFORMATION (WILEY, COLO) Colorado State Patrol 9/10/2021. Who had the Lord in his heart , this is what has brought peace to my sister in this moment . His passenger, a 50-year-old man, is still in the hospital with serious injuries. The driver of a car involved in a 2021 crash in Little Egg Harbor that claimed the life of a local high school student and seriously injured another was convicted Friday after a three-week . Telling stories that matter in a dynamic, evolving state. By Vimal Patel. Wednesday afternoon, Lavon police released the names of the victims.. Its not something that is ever going to leave our thoughts, Wiley School District Superintendent Jeff Bollinger told The Colorado Sun. The names of the four victims were not immediately released. On Friday afternoon, JMU identified the victims in Thursday's crash as sophomore John "Luke" Fergusson of Richmond, sophomore Nicholas Troutman of Richmond and sophomore Joshua Mardis of Williamsburg. Deputies said there were five JMU students in the car when it crashed. Three of the teens in the Explorer died at the scene, two were taken to a hospital in Colorado Springs. The district also resumed sports games last week. According to investigators, the teens inadvertently crossed into the path of the oncoming semi while trying to make a left turn. A 15-year-old boy who was flown to the hospital after the Sept. 8 crash died Friday. The fifth teen who wasn't killed was taken to a hospital by a medical helicopter and their condition wasn't released, according to CBS4 partner KKTV. The teenagers two 16-year-old boys, a 15-year-old boy and a 14-year-old girl were students at Wiley School, the district said. An SUV carrying five teenagers was traveling on Highway 287 in Prowers County when it collided with a semi-truck traveling in the opposite direction on Sept. 8. WILLIAMSBURG, Va. (WAVY) - A James Madison University student from our area killed in a violent crash is being remembered at his former school as "a man . The occupants of the semi were a 25-year-old man, who has since been released from the hospital since the crash. The youngest victim was 15 years old and the oldest was 16. On August 15, 1935, famous aviator Wiley Post and popular humorist Will Rogers were flying together in a Lockheed hybrid airplane when they crashed just 15 miles outside of Point Barrow, Alaska. He dreamed of being a airplane pilot when he grew up.. Interviews reveal the tragic toll on students and workers, with at least 57 people killed. Those who died were Hunter Ronald Comer, 14; Cait Zordel, 15; Braden Black, 15; Xander Sharpe Rowan, 16; and Martin Roman, 16. Daily Briefing The crash happened in Prowers County at the intersection of U.S. 287 and Prowers County Road 196 near the town of Wiley. A fourth and fifth student were flown to the. The 25-year-old male driver was treated at the hospital and released. The teenagers two 16-year-old boys, a 15-year-old boy and a.