swing bands featured sections of trumpets, saxophones, and swing bands featured sections of trumpets, saxophones, and

Fletcher Henderson's career started when he was persuaded to audition for a job at Club Alabam in New York City, which eventually turned into a job as bandleader at the Roseland Ballroom. endstream endobj 1555 0 obj <>/Metadata 104 0 R/Outlines 108 0 R/PageLayout/OneColumn/Pages 1544 0 R/StructTreeRoot 655 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 1556 0 obj <>/Font<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Type/Page>> endobj 1557 0 obj <>stream Whiteman started his first band in San Francisco in 1918 and his fame spread into the 1920s. black jazz musicians developed an intense more traditional instruments such as horn, cello, flute and oboe. While drum sets are typically used for this important task in swing music, single drums can also do the trick if theyre played with precision. While each instrument in a swing band can be compared to an ingredient in Gumbo, none of them have been equated with the seasoning so far. As a result of the military draft and transportation hardships in the U.S., the swing era ended quickly. Characteristics of Music: Swing | The Music Studio The 1930's brought a new style of jazz "big band swing". They had the Blue Devils. clip on the basic jazz rhythm section), - Bass The popularity of their bands in the mainstream reveals the extent to which jazz and blues had become the most popular dance music of the 1930s and 1940s. There was a considerable range of styles among the hundreds of popular bands. Dixieland and the Swing Era - Jazz in America In 1927, he taught music at Manassas High School in Memphis and organized a student jazz band. Fletchers [Henderson] band had the same elements; so did Benny Motens back in 1932, when Basie played with him., Every week they would feature a guest band at the Savoy Ballroom. The instrumental lineup of a big band will vary from ensemble to ensemble, but is typically composed of around 17 musicians, divided into four sections: five saxophones; four trombones; four trumpets; a rhythm section of piano, double bass and drums; Common additions might include guitar, french horn, tuba or a vocalist. So generally the pianist played very rhythmically, and helped keep the beat. Armstrong (nicknamed of Company B (1941). Ellington recorded this Swing bands featured orchestras with sections of trumpets, saxophones, and _________________. Columbia, Victor, and Decca were the three most important, Swing bands featured sections of trumpets, saxophones, and. Hickman relied on Ferde Grof, Whiteman on Bill Challis. Maria Schneider assisted Gil Evans, wrote for Woody Herman and Mel Lewis, and has conducted jazz orchestras around the world. Bob Hope, Shep Fields and The Rippling Rhythm Revue", Photograph of Bob Hope as master of ceremonies on the "Rippling Rhythm Revue" Show in 1937 on Gettyimages, State University of New York, Fredonia. In the 1960s, Gunther SCHULLER developed a style known as "Third Many musicians served in the military and toured with USO troupes at the front, with Glenn Miller losing his life while traveling between shows. A. is exactly what the jazz musician does to keep track of the blues formone interacts with the bass and drums, and how the beat is divided up in complex Soloist(s) - Western Michigan University | A top 100 national university When it comes to swing music, keyboards are typically used as a harmonic element. To produce memorable swing music entertainment, you need a solid base, some leading ingredients and some harmonic elements. 3. The style features prominent horn riffs, call and response between the brass and reed sections, and a consistent rhythmic drive derived from walking and/or boogie-woogie-type bass lines. Singers Billie Holiday and Ella Fitzgerald came to the popular forefront during the swing era. has complex syncopated polyrhythms, (3) expressive "blue" (bent tenor saxophone. Walter Page is often credited with developing the walking bass,[38] though earlier examples exist, such as Wellman Braud on Ellington's Washington Wabble from 1927. In a big band jazz group, at least three trumpets, two trombones, four or more saxophones, and a rhythm section of piano, guitar, bass, and drums are combined with a vocal element. Since keyboards are essentially advanced incarnations of pianos, they can be used to quietly accompany the rhythm section of a swing band or to play a quiet harmony. The Glenn Miller Band worked the best jobs and recorded often. Whiteman was educated in classical music, and he called his new band's music symphonic jazz. here to see a YouTube clip on jazz improvisation, click here to see animated Swing bands featured sections of trumpets, saxophones, and trombones The invention of ______ helped the record industry to recover in the mid-1930s. [1], One of the first bands to accompany the new rhythms was led by a drummer, Art Hickman, in San Francisco in 1916. The Glenn Miller band was one of the most popular bands of the Swing Era. In 1919, Paul Whiteman hired Grof to use similar techniques for his band. jw7(W3;TEd5SOBmlyb./hh IOQ,+B}I\fT-q\ dJ(0!GF>B)- |0~J;:AC*: Y3[.(&=>:UU5aH@ZLLEc))3c.mcX=ia&1cy]aE~9CB7L_ Modern big bands can be found playing all styles of jazz music. History of Big Band Jazz | JAZZ Aspen Snowmass The Ellington orchestra succeeded in part through the expert use and contribution of consistently talented and unique players. Trumpets provide a brash buzzing sound thats well suited for a melody. - a jazz choir (with or without instrumental accompaniment): Jazz combos often feature virtuoso performers, on Byron Almen, Dorothy Payne, Stefan Kostka. Big Band Arranging | 2 | Getting Started Evan Rogers | Orchestrator Henderson and arranger Don Redman followed the template of King Oliver, but as the 1920s progressed they moved away from the New Orleans format and transformed jazz. So band leaders used various arrangement techniques to keep the song interesting, such as: Tutti (all horns playing a melodic line in harmony), Soli (one section featured playing a melodic line in harmony), Shout Chorus (climatic tutti section at the end of the arrangement), Riffs (repeated short melodic and/or rhythmic pattern), Call and Response Riffs (often between the horns and the rhythm section), Solos (single person improvising usually behind a relatively simple harmonic background), Swing Music was smooth, easy-listening and simple. A unique feature of this style was the use of riffs performed as call and response between woodwinds and brass as an integral part of the arrangement heard in Bennie Motens Moten Swing (1932) and Count Basies One OClock Jump (1937). Bio Big Band Theory Pianist and vocalist Sarah Vaughan also influenced many singers. Steve Zegree; sax: Trent Kynaston; bass: Tom Knific; drums: Tim Froncek). [21] Bandleaders are typically performers who assemble musicians to form an ensemble of various sizes, select or create material for them, shape the musics dynamics, phrasing, and expression in rehearsals, and lead the group in performance often while playing alongside them. such works incorporate certain elements of the jazz tradition, there is not even [44], Although big bands are identified with the swing era, they continued to exist after those decades, though the music they played was often different from swing. From ELLINGTON and William "Count" - These ensembles typically featured three or more accordions accompanied by piano, guitar, bass, cello, percussion, and marimba with vibes and were popularized by recording artists such as Charles Magnante,[10][11] Joe Biviano[12][13] and John Serry. 1554 0 obj <> endobj Many of the great swing bands broke up, as the times and tastes changed. baritone saxophone. Many Kansas City bands featured head arrangements, which were . Loops are played at 120 and 125 bpm. In the late 1960s, Jazz trumpeter Miles "It Don't Mean a Thing (If It Ain't Got That Swing)" - Duke Ellington & Ella Fitzgerald, It Dont Mean a Thing (If It Aint Got That Swing),, Kansas City was the swingingest sound in the world. The project is also supported in part by a grant from the National Endowment for the Arts. Swing as popular music usually had vocals, such as Glenn Miller's "Chattanooga Choo-Choo," and was intended for dancing. Swing bands featured a large ensemble of has undergone several stylisdtic transformations, the most significant of which One of the most common forms used in jazz The focus shifted away from the arranger and toward the improvising performer. Beacon, 2002. Duke Ellington at one time used six trumpets. He was also one It began as an intensified rhythmic outgrowth of the black Rhythm & Tenor saxophonist Lester Young (19091959) had a different approach than Hawkins and used a lighter tone. sprouted up in different parts of the United States, and their uniquely grooves, click the following instruments: In 1925, bandleader Paul Whiteman And they played dance music. on the chart below to go to that interactive webpage). DAVIS was one of the first jazz artist to cross over and adopt elements of Figure 1: The Western Jazz Quartet (piano: In History of Jazz (Chapter 7) Flashcards | Quizlet The string bass replaced the tuba and the guitar replaced the banjo. began to emerge from the vocal blues The Double Bass is shaped like other string instruments such as the guitar or violin. Williams is considered one of the great jazz pianists and one of the greatest performers from Kansas City. style based on a faster, danceable beat with featured improvised solos. Swing music began appearing in the early 1930s and was distinguished by a more supple feel than the more literal 44 of early jazz. Coast" Cool Jazz emerged, using This approach was then further expanded upon by Bebop, which largely abandoned the original melody of the song to create brand new melodies based on an established chord progression this was known as a contrafact. (1937). And what better instrument to provide a bona fide rhythm for a swing band than a set of drums? A distinction is often made between so-called "hard bands", such as those of Count Basie and Tommy Dorsey, which emphasized quick hard-driving jump tunes, and "sweet bands", such as the Glenn Miller Orchestra and the Shep Fields Rippling Rhythm Orchestra,[41][42]. CROSBY, Frank SINATRA, and Doris DAY, who blossomed as featured vocalists with prominent bands Concert This intermingling of sections became a defining characteristic of big bands. In the 1950s, a smooth style of "West Thats what makes it stand out. Figure 2: Trumpeter Wynton Marsalis Count Basie's saxophone section included. And after years of economic depression, many Americans wanted to have fun. This Then, during the Swing Era, the sax player Coleman Hawkins changed the way jazz approached improvisation from melody to harmony (horizontal to vertical). The Great Depression, which started with the stock market crash in 1929, and WWII which ended in 1945. Swing grew out of New Orleans Jazz and the evolved into Bebop. In general, swing refers to the music of large dance bands that played written arrangements. In the mid-1930s, he was the featured soloist in the Basie Orchestra. syllables). Daniels, Douglas. The History of Jazz. Bandleader Charlie Barnet's recording of "Cherokee" in 1942 and "The Moose" in 1943 have been called the beginning of the bop era. trombones Swing music appealed most dramatically to this demographic group: teenagers A "shout chorus" is: the final, climactic chorus in an arrangement Which changes occurred in the rhythm section during the 1930s? Although many of these bands maintain a close tie to the swinging style of the Basie and Herman bands, others exhibit a new and very individualized style. In the early 1950s a smoother, more From Other female bands were led by trumpeter B. Rhythm Section: (click here to see a YouTube Paul Whiteman (18901967), called the King of Jazz, sought after talented top names for his band like Bing Crosby, Bix Beiderbecke, and Jimmy and Tommy Dorsey.